The Image of the Other as Portrayed by Ibn Khaldun in his "Muqaddima"

Abstract

Ibn Khaldun investigates the concept of "the Other" through a holistic social approach. The multi-layered examination highlights the importance of "the Other" and collaborates with( him) to meet the minimum requirements of primitive life as well as the more complex and civil life of societies that tend to differ in terms environmental and climate conditions. In addition to the role that religion and tribalism play in defining and dealing with "the other", Ibn Khaldun examines "the Other" in the state of peace and war and considers that radical tribalism and injustice are the introduction to the destruction of the civilization. This research examines Ibn khaldun's postulation about the Other from the following two main perspectives: 1) The other whether civilized or not as distributed in the world. 2) The way Ibn Khaldun thought of Arabs.  All in all, The final conclusion showed that Ibn Khaldun stigmatized Arabs (Bedouins) and  other nations according to civilization factor.